Impact of Awareness in Controlling Crimes Against Women in India: A Mathematical Modeling Approach with a Case Study on Delhi NCR

The issue of crime against women in India is a noteworthy concern, that has garnered extensive attention and apprehension both domestically and globally.Despite India's advancements in women's rights and empowerment, there persists a troubling rate of reported crimes against women.In view of this, a non linear mathematical model has been developed to examine the effectiveness of media awareness programs in reducing crime against women.Five interacting variables are addressed in the modelling process namely, socially exposed group, susceptible, criminals, victims and media awareness programs.Our model demonstrates the existence of two equilibria, namely crime free equilibrium and the crimepersistent equilibrium.The findings of the analysis indicate the existence of crime free equilibria (CFE) is pervasive, while the occurrence of crime-persistent equilibria (CPE) is dependent upon the imposition of limitations on the parameters, leading to a criminality reproduction number (R c 0 ) > 1.The model analysis further indicates that the implementation of an adequate number of baseline media awareness program can successfully reduce crime against women within society.Sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the impact of key parameters on the dynamics of crime against women.To validate the model, we undertake a case study with real crime data from Delhi (2012Delhi ( -2022)), confirming the model's prediction alignment with observed patterns.