Metabolic activity of adipose tissue depots (literature review)

Adipose tissue is attracting more and more attention of researchers from the position of an endocrine organ that implements its functions through a wide range of biomolecules called adipokines (adipocytokines). The dysfunction of adipose tissue with obesity leads to pathological secretion of these biomolecules, which causes the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia. The review presents the latest data on the main adipose tissue depots, their cellular composition, key functions, as well as recent studies in the field of metabolic activity of adipose tissue of various localizations. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to search for literature. Studies conducted on patients over the age of 18 were included. The analysis did not include reviews, animal studies, drug studies, and the effects of diet and surgical treatment of obesity were not evaluated.