Incidence of Hypothyroidism After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study in State of Kuwait

Background: Breast malignancy is the most common cancer in females and the second death-leading etiology.Among the newly reported cancer cases in Kuwait in 2019, breast cancer ranks as the most common malignant neoplasm in females, accounting for 35.4% of Kuwaitis and 38.4 % of non-Kuwaitis.Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from medical documents of governate and private hospitals in Kuwait during 2010 and 2019 period.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied while conducting data to evaluate the pattern of hypothyroidism among patients in Kuwait undergoing cancer surgery for various types of breast cancer.The study aimed to determine the risk of hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients who were either untreated or treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.Results: A total of 5860 patients were included.The results of hypothyroidism distribution in different types of breast carcinoma were identified.In patients with hypothyroidism, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was highly documented.A positive association between the risk of invasiveness and hypothyroidism in breast carcinoma cases was reported.The risk of invasive breast malignancies in patients with hypothyroid disease accounts for 96% with a risk ratio of 2. Among risk estimation, the odds ratio indicated an elevated risk of invasive breast malignancies among hypothyroid cases.The statistical significance was identified between hypothyroidism and the risk of invasive breast cancer by Pearson Chi-Square.Conclusion: Our retrospective cohort study showed a statistically significant association between breast carcinoma risk and hypothyroidism in the female population in Kuwait.