Anemia ferropénica: prevalencia, factores predisponentes e implicaciones hematológicas en féminas gestantes e infantes. Revisión sistemática

Iron deficiency anemia represents a global public health problem, primarily affecting pregnant women and infants. This systematic study aimed to analyze its prevalence, predisposing factors, and hematological implications, following the PRISMA protocol. The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Elsevier, and Web of Science were consulted using MeSH terms: "Iron deficiency anemia," "Iron deficiency." Of the 275 articles obtained, after applying the exclusion criteria, 75 studies were retained. The studies indicated that the highest prevalence was reported in pregnant women in Korea (63.7%) and infants in Egypt (45.05%). Predisposing factors included spontaneous abortion and persistent breastfeeding without iron supplementation. Low levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation, microcytosis, and hypochromia were the most frequent hematological implications. It is concluded that iron deficiency anemia continues to increase due to a lack of preventive and educational measures.