Economic, environmental and health impacts of aerial spraying of banana plantations: A literature review

Aerial spraying in banana plantations generates significant economic, environmental, and public health impacts. This study presents a critical review of the scientific literature to analyze the effects of this practice in rural contexts, with an emphasis on producing countries such as Ecuador. From an economic perspective, aerial spraying has been shown to increase productivity and pest control efficiency, although it entails external costs, including adverse effects on the health of agricultural workers and nearby communities. Environmentally, reported consequences include soil, air, and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of health, pesticide exposure is associated with respiratory illnesses, genotoxic effects, spontaneous abortions, and low birth weight. The lack of effective regulation, inadequate use of protective equipment, and limited awareness of associated risks exacerbate the issue. The review underscores the urgent need to implement sustainable agricultural practices, enforce stricter regulations, and establish monitoring systems to mitigate risks to human health and the environment.