Absolute decoupling in the European Union after the Paris Agreement.

Climate change has created an urgent need for nations to balance economic development with reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a turning point by committing signatories to limit global temperature increases to well below 2°C.The European Union (EU) reinforced this commitment by setting a target of at least a 55% reduction in emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, equivalent to 2,307 MtCO2e (Climate Action Tracker, 2025).Beyond policy, the Paris Agreement also serves as an indicator of progress toward decoupling growth from environmental degradation, where economies expand while emissions fall-the essence of "green growth."