Designing the institutional architecture of food security: a comparative analysis of foreign practices (China, Switzerland)

Ensuring food security is one of the key objectives of the global economy and international politics. In an increasingly interdependent world, it serves not only as an economic but also as a strategic factor of global stability. The modern development of the agricultural economy is determined not only by the growth of production indicators, but also by the need to strengthen the resilience of food systems in the face of global challenges – climate change, population growth, and intensifying international competition. National food systems are shaped by various models of institutional design, where each country strives to find a balance between sustainability, efficiency, and social equity. China’s experience demonstrates a strategy of large-scale state regulation and technological modernization of agriculture, while Switzerland focuses on environmental sustainability and high product quality standards. The Republic of Belarus, possessing significant agricultural potential and a favorable geographical location, plays an important role in ensuring regional and global food sustainability. The analysis of global trends and national practices makes it possible to identify key directions for the development of food systems and to define Belarus’s place in shaping the global architecture of food security.