Frequency of Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies and Their Clinical Correlates in Guillain-Barr eacute; Syndrome: A Single-Centre Study in Pakistan

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of anti-ganglioside autoantibodies and their clinical associations in patients clinically suspected of having Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from July 2024 to July 2025. METHODOLOGY: Anti-ganglioside (IgG/IgM) antibody-positive 28 patients with suspected GBS, tested using the EUROLINE Anti-Gangliosides Profile 2 (EUROIMMUN, Germany), were included. Band intensity was quantified automatically using EUROLineScan (EUROIMMUN, Germany). Clinical features, antecedent events, and electrophysiological findings (EMG/NCS) were documented. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied; the independent-samples t-test was used for continuous variables. A p