Enhanced Frequency Stabilization in Interconnected Power Grids with Wind-PV-BESS Using Metaheuristic-tuned Controllers

This paper suggests an effective controller for frequency regulation of dual-area power networks that are heavily penetrated by renewable energy resources. The purpose of frequency controllers on variable speed wind turbines is to effectively manage the pitch angle and droop controller for frequency support and release the energy contained in spinning masses. Employing an auxiliary controller, solar PV sources equipped with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can influentially contribute to the frequency regulation. The Puma Optimizer (PO) is employed to fine-tune the optimal parameters of proportional integral derivative with filter controllers, as well as droop, pitch angle, and auxiliary storage controllers. Integral Time of Absolute Error (ITAE) is proposed as the fitness cost function of frequency deviation in both areas and tie-line power deviation. The superiority of PO is validated by comparing result with benchmarked algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO), Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA), and Hippopotamus Optimizer (HO). It is observed that PO granted lower ITAE by 2.621%, 24.879%, 21.337%, and 43.164% than WaOA, HO, GTO and GA respectively under +20% step load perturbation (+10% at each area). Furthermore, the performance and feasibility are confirmed under random load perturbation and variable weather conditions.