Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) Model Hiperglikemia yang Diinduksi Aloksan

Abstract. Hyperglycemia is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that may induce liver injury through oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances. These alterations can lead to hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and disorganization of hepatocyte plates. Momordica charantia L. is known to possess antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential hepatoprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract on the number of hepatocytes undergoing hydropic degeneration and the degree of hepatocyte plate disorganization in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. This experimental study employed a post-test only control group design. A total of 24 male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups receiving graded doses of Momordica charantia extract. Hyperglycemia was induced using alloxan, followed by oral administration of the extract. Liver histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin–eosin staining and microscopic image analysis. The results demonstrated significant differences among groups in both hydropic degeneration and hepatocyte plate disorganization. Administration of Momordica charantia extract reduced hepatocellular damage, with the most pronounced improvement observed at the highest dose. These findings indicate that Momordica charantia extract has potential as a supportive hepatoprotective agent in hyperglycemic conditions. Abstrak. Hiperglikemia merupakan kondisi peningkatan kadar glukosa darah yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hepar melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif dan gangguan metabolisme sel. Kerusakan tersebut dapat diamati secara histopatologis berupa degenerasi hidropik hepatosit dan disorganisasi lempeng hepatosit. Momordica charantia L. diketahui memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik dan antioksidan sehingga berpotensi memberikan efek hepatoprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah Momordica charantia terhadap jumlah hepatosit yang mengalami degenerasi hidropik dan derajat disorganisasi lempeng hepatosit pada mencit hiperglikemia yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental post-test only control group. Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan galur Balb/c dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, serta tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis ekstrak Momordica charantia bertingkat. Hiperglikemia diinduksi menggunakan aloksan, kemudian ekstrak diberikan secara oral. Pemeriksaan histopatologi hepar dilakukan menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin–Eosin dan analisis citra mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok pada jumlah degenerasi hidropik dan disorganisasi lempeng hepatosit. Pemberian ekstrak Momordica charantia menurunkan derajat kerusakan hepar, dengan efek terbaik pada dosis tertinggi.