Arahan Pemanfaatan Lahan Kawasan Tahura Ir. H. Djuanda Berdasarkan Tingkat Erosi Tanah

Abstract. Ir. H. Djuanda Forest Park (Tahura) in Bandung City, West Java Province, faces a high risk of soil erosion due to steep topography, the presence of the active Lembang Fault, and land cover changes from forest to settlements and plantations. These conditions potentially threaten the conservation function of the area, slope stability, and the sustainability of water resources. This study aims to analyze soil erosion levels and to formulate land use directions based on erosion hazard levels. The research employs a quantitative spatial approach using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which analyzes rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), as well as crop management and conservation practice factors (CP). Primary data were obtained through field observations, GPS measurements, and interviews, while secondary data were derived from SPOT 6/7 imagery, soil maps, and rainfall data for the period 2015–2024. Spatial analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System through an overlay process to classify erosion hazard levels (EHL) for each soil mapping unit. The results indicate that most areas of the forest park exhibit low to moderate erosion hazard levels in the forested central and southern parts. In contrast, high to very high erosion hazard levels are found on steep slopes in the northern and eastern parts, particularly within plantation enclave areas. Land use directions should therefore be developed based on area-specific erosion hazard levels. Abstrak. Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Ir. H. Djuanda di Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat, menghadapi risiko erosi tanah tinggi akibat topografi curam, keberadaan Sesar Lembang yang aktif, serta perubahan tutupan lahan dari hutan menjadi permukiman dan perkebunan. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi mengancam fungsi konservasi kawasan, kestabilan lereng, dan keberlanjutan sumber daya air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat erosi tanah dan menyusun arahan pemanfaatan lahan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya erosi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif spasial dengan metode Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) yang menganalisis faktor rainfall erosivity (R), erodibilitas tanah (K), panjang dan kemiringan lereng (LS), serta faktor pengelolaan tanaman dan tindakan konservasi (CP). Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, pengukuran GPS, dan wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari citra SPOT 6/7, peta tanah, serta data curah hujan periode 2015–2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis melalui proses overlay untuk mengklasifikasikan tingkat bahaya erosi (TBE) pada setiap satuan peta tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kawasan Tahura memiliki tingkat bahaya erosi rendah hingga sedang pada area berhutan di bagian tengah dan selatan. Sebaliknya, tingkat bahaya erosi berat hingga sangat berat ditemukan pada lereng curam bagian utara dan timur, terutama pada kawasan enclave perkebunan. Arahan pemanfaatan lahan disusun berbasis tingkat bahaya erosi kawasan.