Dietary patterns among university students in Central Europe: a comparison between Slovakia and Poland

Background Dietary habits formed during university years influence long-term health, yet evidence comparing gender-specific and cross-country patterns in Central Europe is limited. This study assessed differences in dietary intake between Polish and Slovak university students using standardized FFQ-6 daily intake conversions. Material and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February-March 2025 among 574 Polish and Slovak students (77% female; mean age 22.5±2.68 years). Dietary intake was evaluated using the FFQ-6. Gender and country differences were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests with effect sizes (r). Results Female students reported a higher intake of vegetables and fruits, while males consumed significantly more red and processed meat, refined grains, animal fats, and energy drinks (p