Soft tissue-oriented relaxation techniques in physiotherapy: a narrative review of randomized controlled trials

Soft tissue relaxation plays a significant role in contemporary physiotherapy and manual therapy, supporting pain management, rehabilitation, and the improvement of musculoskeletal function. The aim of this study was to present and discuss the current literature on selected soft tissue relaxation techniques, their mechanisms of action, and their reported effects on the musculoskeletal system. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), covering publications from 2015 to 2025. The following keywords were used: “soft tissues”, “muscles”, “fascia”, “relaxation”, “physiotherapy”. Massage therapy was the most frequently evaluated intervention (4 studies), demonstrating effects such as reduced muscle tension, improved relaxation, and pain relief. Dry needling (3 studies) was effective in reducing pain and increasing the range of motion. Techniques such as foam rolling, hold-relax, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), and soft tissue release also demonstrated positive effects on muscle flexibility, range of motion, and pain reduction. Other techniques, reported in individual studies, showed varied clinical outcomes. The effectiveness of soft tissue relaxation techniques depends on individual patient characteristics, the type of dysfunction, and the clinical context.