A review of the application of the discrete element method in comminution

The discrete element method (DEM) has been widely used in process modeling in industry.The ability to represent comminution techniques has been essential in the mineral processing industry and other sectors where rock size reduction is a fundamental aspect.With the need for more accurate and advanced models, the 15 application of computational approaches has initiated the resolution of complex challenges in the comminution process.This article provides a comprehensive review of the application of the Discrete Element Method in several critical aspects of the mineral processing industry, focusing on the modeling of comminution equipment, screens, and transfer chutes between 2014 and 2024.Comminution, an 20 essential process in mineral processing, is discussed in detail, highlighting the importance of optimizing performance and energy efficiency at each stage, from crushing to grinding.The central role of DEM in overcoming the limitations of empirical models is highlighted, providing a more advanced and accurate approach to predicting operational parameters and equipment wear rates.Finally, possible 25 paths and perspectives for applying DEM in mining equipment are highlighted, addressing pending challenges and seeking solutions to emerging problems in this field.