Urban Stray Cat Management Models in Comparison: Trap-Neuter-Return and Trap-Assess-Rehome

As cities grow, the increasing stray cat population has caused several health and environmental problems, disrupting normal community functions.Stray cat management approaches have also evolved, with the primary methods being Trap-Neuter-Return and Trap-Assess-Rehome.Trap-Neuter-Return focuses on controlling offspring reproduction through sterilization, while Trap-Assess-Rehome reduces stray populations via shelter placement followed by adoption.This study employs case research methods to compare the operational models and influencing factors of both approaches, building upon a systematic literature review.Results indicate that Trap-Neuter-Return's significant effectiveness relies on sustained, high-intensity spay/neuter efforts, while Trap-Assess-Rehome can rapidly reduce stray populations and promote socialization.Moreover, hybrid approaches and advanced technologies are increasingly integrated into current practices, though further exploration remains essential to enhance efficiency.Based on this, the present study argues that future research on urban stray cat management should prioritize adaptability to local contexts, the financial and technological sustainability of management practices, and ethical considerations.