Health Management Technical Methods and Application Prospects for Primary Substation Equipment

As the installed base of substation equipment continues to grow, the capacity of primary equipment increases, and operating lifetimes extend, traditional maintenance-centered and periodic management approaches are no longer able to meet the combined requirements of fault-risk control, outage consequence mitigation, and operations-and-maintenance (O&M) cost containment.Focusing on the health management needs of primary substation equipment-represented by power transformers and gas-insulated switchgear (GIS)-the report proposes a data-centric, full life-cycle health management technical roadmap.It first identifies and extracts "state-value data" that can effectively characterize equipment condition, and then strengthens data aggregation, governance, and quality improvement.Next, in view of the differences between incipient/gradual faults and sudden faults, it develops a health-state assessment framework and models, enabling "one device, one period" personalized evaluation as well as event-triggered real-time assessment.Finally, it uses assessment and early-warning results to drive differentiated maintenance strategies, balancing reliability and cost-effectiveness.The report also reviews relevant domestic and international advances (e.g., PHM, HUMS, AHM, and AI-based diagnosis and prognosis) and outlines the application prospects of health management in reducing downtime and repair costs caused by sudden failures, improving O&M decision-making efficiency, and accelerating the digital and intelligent transformation of power-grid O&M.