From Object to Subject: the Evolution of Female Characters in Video Game Narratives and Mechanics

The rapid growth and social influence of the video game industry have heightened scrutiny of gender representation, especially as the female player base expands.This study examines the evolution of female characters in video games, tracing their development from objectified narrative symbols toward figures with full subjectivity.Combining theoretical analysis-drawing on sexual objectification theory and Foucault's concept of subjectivity-with case studies of landmark characters, this research analyzes both narrative function and game mechanics.Findings reveal a clear progression: female characters have moved from being one-dimensional, non-playable "damsels in distress" to playable supporting roles, though often limited by the male gaze.In recent works, such as Ellie in The Last of Us, female characters have become core mechanical drivers and narrative agents, possessing complex arcs and autonomous agency.This shift marks their transformation into true subjects within interactive storytelling.