Urban Waste Management Policy in Makassar City, Indonesia

Urban waste management remains one of the most persistent challenges in developing cities, particularly in Indonesia, where rapid urbanization and population growth have significantly increased solid waste generation.Makassar City, as a metropolitan hub in eastern Indonesia, produces approximately 950 tons of waste per day, with around 90 percent disposed of at the overburdened Antang landfill.Despite policy initiatives such as Makassar Tidak Rantasa' (MTR), the Waste Bank program, and the planned Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facility, the city continues to face challenges related to governance, infrastructure capacity, and community participation.This study aims to analyze global research trends and identify thematic structures in urban waste, collected from Scopus-indexed publications covering the years 2015 to 2024, using the keywords waste management, urban policy, and Makassar City.A total of 45 relevant documents were processed and visualized through network and cooccurrence mapping.The bibliometric results revealed three dominant research themes representing the current intellectual structure of the field: governance and public policy, case studies and social participation, and urban planning integrated with sustainable development goals.The overall analysis demonstrates a paradigm shift in academic attention from technical and engineering aspects toward governance-oriented, participatory, and sustainability-based approaches.Although Makassar has initiated several innovative policies to address its waste crisis, research that specifically examines its policy effectiveness and local implementation remains limited.The findings underscore the need for stronger evidence-based policymaking and collaborative governance to enhance the sustainability of Makassar's waste management system.This study contributes theoretically and practically by linking global bibliometric insights with local environmental governance, providing valuable direction for future research and policy design in sustainable urban waste management.