Coastal Ecosystem Degradation due to Natural Resource Extraction: Implications for Sustainable Management in Raja Ampat

Raja Ampat is known as one of the areas with the highest marine biodiversity in the world, as well as a center of natural resourcebased economic activity.However, natural resource extraction, such as nickel mining, overfishing, and massive tourism growth, has placed significant pressure on coastal ecosystems.This study aims to examine the impact of extractive activities on the quality of the Raja Ampat coastal environment by highlighting coral reef degradation, mangrove habitat destruction, water pollution, and the decline of endemic marine biota populations.The methods used include literature studies, secondary data analysis, and environmental case studies reported by local and international conservation agencies.The results of the study show that uncontrolled exploitation practices accelerate the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems, reduce environmental carrying capacity, and threaten the livelihoods of indigenous peoples who depend on the sea.These findings emphasize the urgency of implementing conservation-based resource management, strengthening environmental regulations, and involving local communities in monitoring extractive activities.The recommendations of this study are expected to contribute to the formulation of sustainable coastal development policies in Raja Ampat, while maintaining a balance between economic interests, conservation, and social welfare.