Research on Ethical Dilemmas and Coping Strategies in Medical Education under Metaverse Technology

Virtual world technology is reshaping medical education, but its adoption has raised unresolved ethical obligations.We proposed a Technology-teaching-ethics-Outcomes framework and integrated the evidence through a review from 2019 to 2025 and two illustrative cases to map out the benefits, risks and remedies.The case studies of HoloAnatomy mixed-reality program and virtual reality basic life support modules offer learning outcomes comparable to traditional teaching, while revealing governance gaps in telemetry, consent, and equity.We have combined three recurring predicaments: data privacy and security, algorithmic bias and interpretability, as well as technical dependencies that may erode professional judgment.In response, we recommend taking feasible safeguard measures: purpose-limited data flow, minimized and time-limited retention, role-based access, clear and revocation non-punitive opt-out consent, design-based security architecture, and capacity building that combines digitalization with the humanistic qualities of teachers and learners.The TPEO framework clarifies how moral guardrails affect teaching efficiency and institutional trust, providing a practical roadmap for compliant and scalable deployment.Our conclusion is that metaverse tools can expand access, accelerate mastery and support elastic delivery, but lasting value depends on embedding design ethics and strong data governance from the very beginning.