Sustainable Nanocomposites for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications

Biodegradable nanocomposites have emerged as versatile biomaterials offering safe, sustainable, and multifunctional solutions for a wide range of biomedical applications.Natural polymers such as collagen, cellulose, chitosan, keratin, fibroin, and hyaluronic acid support tissue regeneration, while synthetic polymers like polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyurethane (PU), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) provide mechanical strength and controlled degradation.Incorporation of nanoparticles such as silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silica enhances antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby accelerating wound repair.Sustainable sources such as shrimp and crab shells for chitosan and fruit peels for cellulose offer eco-friendly routes for material development.The combination of these polymers and nanoparticles yields nanocomposites with improved drug release, moisture balance, and tissue regeneration potential.This paper deals with the development, properties, and applications of various biodegradable nanocomposites, emphasizing their role as sustainable and efficient materials for next-generation biomedical use.