Research Status of 3D Printing Parts Material and Structure Design for Equipment Service Environment

As the requirements for component performance in extreme service environments, such as aerospace and defense equipment, become increasingly stringent, the limitations of traditional manufacturing processes in complex structure integration and performance optimization have become more apparent.3D printing technology, with its high design flexibility, capability to manufacture complex structures, and compatibility with multiple materials, offers new approaches for developing components for equipment operating in extreme environments like high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive conditions.However, it still faces challenges in material compatibility, interface bonding strength, and process stability.This paper systematically reviews the progress of research on 3D printed materials and structural design for equipment service environments, focusing on performance breakthroughs in high-performance metals and alloys, smart-responsive polymers, and ceramic matrix composites.It also analyzes the advantages of biomimetic topology optimization and lattice structure design in lightweighting, impact resistance, and multifunctional integration, and summarizes practical application cases of this technology in aerospace, biomedicine, and defense.The study shows that although 3D printing significantly enhances the environmental adaptability of components through multi-material composites and computation-driven design, its large-scale application is still limited by issues such as insufficient interface bonding strength, high process costs, and lagging detection technologies.