Comparative Study of Photovoltaic Technologies and Energy Storage Systems of Different Scales

Driven by the global energy transition and the goal of carbon neutrality, photovoltaic power generation has become the core force in the development of renewable energy.However, its intermittency and volatility pose challenges to the stable operation of the power grid.This paper systematically studies the compatibility of different-scale photovoltaic technologies (household, community sharing, and utility-scale power stations) with energy storage systems, and explores their differentiated characteristics in terms of technology, economy, and policy.The research shows that residential rooftop systems need to address issues of space limitation and cost, while building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and intelligent management are the future directions; community sharing projects achieve energy democratization through multienergy complementarity and energy storage optimization, but rely on policy coordination; utility-scale power stations, although having scale benefits, still need to overcome technical bottlenecks such as the stability of perovskite cells and the adaptability to the power grid.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the scientific matching of photovoltaic technologies and energy storage, and are of great significance for promoting the grid integration of high proportions of renewable energy and achieving a low-carbon energy transition.