Systematic Analysis and Comparison Between Electric, Fuel and Hybrid Drive Technologies

Against the backdrop of intensifying global climate change and energy crises, the energy transition in the transportation sector has become a global focus.Automotive power system technologies are evolving along diversified pathways, with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, pure electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles emerging as the primary types.This paper systematically analyzes the driving principles, technical characteristics, and performance differences among these three power systems, comparing them across multiple dimensions such as power output, acceleration performance, high-speed performance, energy replenishment convenience, and environmental impact.The results indicate that pure electric vehicles demonstrate significant advantages in energy efficiency and environmental protection, fuel vehicles remain practical in terms of range and energy replenishment, while hybrid vehicles excel in balancing sustainability and practicality, serving as an ideal transitional solution at this stage.This study provides a basis for consumer decision-making and offers insights for industrial policy formulation.And accelerating the coordinated development of diversified automotive power systems will provide a solid foundation for achieving green transportation and sustainable development goals.