The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure on Firm Value in the Energy Sector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023

This research examines the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure on firm value in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021-2023.Using a quantitative method, the study employs panel data regression with a fixed effect model.Data are collected from annual and sustainability reports and assessed using the GRI Standards 2021 guidelines.Firm value is measured through Tobin's Q and processed using E-Views.The findings reveal that ESG disclosure does not significantly influence firm value when the dimensions are tested separately.Yet, when the three ESG dimensions are combined, they produce a significant effect.The study's novelty lies in its focus on the energy sector, in contrast to previous research that largely centered on the public sector in Asia.Furthermore, the study purposely omits control variables and ESG controversy scores, emphasizing the direct influence of ESG components on firm value.