Enzyme-Mediated Precipitation of Heavy Metals Using Urease Extracted from Sporosarcina pasteurii.

Background: Heavy metal (HMs) pollution is a global concern that demands sustainable remediation approaches. Urease-induced carbonate precipitation provides an eco-friendly alternative that avoids dependence on live microbial systems. Objectives: . A novel objective was to investigate whether pre-incubating urease with urea prior to heavy-metal exposure could enhance carbonate production and protect enzymatic activity. Materials and Methods: Urease was extracted after 20 h growth. Optimal enzymatic conditions, kinetic parameters, and precipitation efficiency were assessed under varying conditions. The effect of pre-incubation was evaluated, and the precipitates were characterized using XRD. Results: . Conclusion: . Pre-incubation substantially enhances enzyme stability and precipitation efficiency, offering a cost-effective and sustainable approach for HMs remediation.