Morphological and bioecological characteristics of section Campanula (Campanula L., Campanulaceae Juss.) in Azerbaijan

This study presents findings on the morphological and bioecological characteristics of species from sec.Campanula subgen.Campanula (Campanulaceae).It covers data on their distribution within the flora of Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, status as geographical elements, and information about specimens newly collected and kept in the herbarium.The field research was conducted during 2018-2025 covering diverse regions of Azerbaijan.The data was also pooled up from the herbarium specimens and related relevant botanical literature.Four species belonging to this section were identified in the flora of Azerbaijan: Campanula latifolia, C. odontosepala, C. rapunculoides, and C. bononiensis.All species are perennial, herbaceous hemicryptophytes and display morphological adaptations corresponding to their specific habitats and ecological conditions.