Elite and Universal: A Study on the Dual Characteristics of the French Engineering Education System---Higher Education Model Integrating Academic Excellence and Industrial Innovation

The French engineering education system occupies a unique position in global higher education, distinguished by its core feature of integrating "elitism" with "universality". Against the backdrop of intensifying global competition in engineering talent cultivation and the reform trends of engineering education worldwide(such as CDIO in the United States and the dual-system in Germany), this study adopts literature research, historical analysis, case study, and comparative research methods to explore the operational mechanisms of the French model. The core argument is that the success of French engineering education lies in its rigorous selection process, solid scientific foundation,close industrial connections, and the cultivation of humanistic and management literacy.Through an analysis of its historical evolution, enrollment and training mechanisms, and quality assurance system, this paper concludes that the French model, which balances elite standards and universal competence, provides valuable insights for engineering education reforms globally.