Growth dynamics and allometric modeling of four commercial forest tree species in Côte d’Ivoire

Sustainable management and restoration of tropical forests rely on a clear understanding of tree growth dynamics and biomass allocation. In Côte d’Ivoire, extensive forest degradation has drastically reduced the size and diversity of native timber stands, leading to the inclusion of Terminalia ivorensis and Pterygota macrocarpa on the IUCN Red List. Despite their ecological and commercial importance, the growth patterns and allometric relationships of these species remain poorly documented, limiting the development of reliable models to support forest management and reforestation strategies. This study aimed to characterize growth and developmental patterns in four commercial species (Terminalia superba, T. ivorensis, P. macrocarpa, and Mansonia altissima) cultivated under experimental plantation conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. Growth and biomass allocation were analyzed using the GreenLab functional–structural plant model, based on monitored morphological traits, phyllochron development, and architectural parameters. The results revealed marked differences among species in leaf emergence rate, internode elongation, and resource allocation. T. superba and T. ivorensis exhibited faster height and diameter growth, whereas P. macrocarpa and M. altissima invested proportionally more biomass in foliage. These contrasting patterns reflect distinct adaptive strategies influencing productivity and ecological resilience. Overall, the study provides new insights into tropical forest tree growth and offers valuable guidance for species selection, modeling, and sustainable reforestation efforts in West Africa.