Sargassum as a Renewable Marine Resource: Ecological Role and Potential Applications in the Red Sea Region

Widespread and quick reliance on fossil fuels results from the world's population expansion, which raises energy demands. But these resources continue to run out every day, and their use is contributing to global warming problems that require attention. We look for sustainable, eco-friendly, economical, and efficient biofuels with lower greenhouse gas emissions in order to fulfill such energy demands and safeguard the environment. Macroalgae, or green, brown, and red sea seaweed, are becoming recognized as a viable and potential alternative energy source for the production of biofuels. The potential of macroalgae to produce a variety of bioproducts, including biofuels, has been the subject of several studies. The presence of compounds like lipids and carbohydrates make macroalgae an ideal raw material for the production of biofuels. Biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, account for over 40% of the total amount of energy consumed worldwide. A sustainable fuel, bioethanol is made from the biomass of algae, sugar, starch, and lignocellulosic materials. This study provides a brief discussion of potential Sargassum species that facilitate the production of biofuel and their cultivation methods in the Red Sea Region. It also shows the effectiveness of the biofuel generating process and the latest methods for increasing product output.