A Decentralized Blockchain Provenance Framework for Food Supply Chain Traceability

Food supply chain consists of various actors, such as farmers, suppliers, distributors and retailers who add a lot of difficulty to transparency, authenticity and integrity of data. The nature of traditional centralized systems is very susceptible to manipulations, loss of data, and slow response to the crisis, which reduces consumer confidence and complicates food safety recall. To solve these problems with the help of the key concepts of blockchain immutability, decentralization and cryptographic security, this paper presents A Decentralized Blockchain Provenance Framework to Food Supply Chain Traceability. ​The suggested system uses smart contracts based on Ethereum to log all essential transactions, including harvesting and packaging, ownership changes and delivery, to have a tamper-resistant account of all the critical transactions available to all stakeholders. The interaction between producers and suppliers is done through a user friendly web interface that uses React.js and Node.js and is used to connect to the off chain storage that is provided by MongoDB to store user profiles and additional data about the products. The architecture ensures end-to-end provenance tracking without having to use complex IoT hardware, rendering it very practical to use in the real world. ​ Customers obtain immediate authentication by scanning QR codes associated with blockchain documents showing authentic profiles of the origin, transportation and status modifications to develop accountability and trust. Because the system has role based access controls and hashing algorithms, it does not allow unauthorized changes and its design is better than the legacy paper based or siloed database solutions that are vulnerable to making mistakes and fraudulent activity. Decent unit, integration, and system testing ensured healthy performance in terms of authentication, registration, tracking and verification modules.