Smart nano particles-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy

Advancements in cancer research and treatment have yet to successfully reverse the ongoing trend of cancer being one of the most lethal diseases. The currently available methods such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cancers come with low specificity, high toxicity, and treatment resistance. Cancer therapies necessitate a different approach. Nanotechnology solves these issues through selective spatial and spatial delivery of therapeutics. In this review, we analyse the advances made in cancer therapy development incorporating smart nanoparticles with special emphasis on polymeric carrier systems, virus-like carriers, carbon nanotubes, lipid and ceramic nanoparticles and metal-based nanoparticles. Each of these systems of nanocarrier exhibit unique physicochemical properties which can be used to enhance the drug bioavailability, circulation half-life, and biodistribution. The paradigm shift that we seek through the use of nanomedicine would profoundly alter the treatment of cancer through passive and active targeted intravenous delivery, as well as through photothermal, magnet, ultrasound, and photodynamic therapies. By employing such technologies, the hope is to create tailored cancer treatments that not only individualizes the process but also lessens the harmful effects of treatment.