Determinan Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2022-2024

This research seeks to examine the effect of financial ratios on financial distress among banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period. Financial distress represents a deterioration in a company’s financial status that may affect its operational sustainability. The independent variables used in this study include profitability measured by Return on Assets (ROA), asset quality measured by Non-Performing Loan (NPL), liquidity measured by Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and capital adequacy measured by Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Financial distress is measured using the Altman Z-Score model modified for the banking sector. This study employs a quantitative research method using secondary data obtained from annual financial statements. The sample is selected through a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined criteria. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that ROA, NPL, and LDR do not have a significant effect on financial distress. Meanwhile, CAR has a negative and significant effect on financial distress, indicating that higher capital adequacy reduces the risk of financial difficulties in banking companies.