Investigation of the relationship between HbA1c and tumor markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: Tumor markers are frequently measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet their interpretation is challenging because hyperglycemia may influence marker levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and commonly used tumor markers in T2DM. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 557 T2DM patients were included. HbA1c and tumor markers—carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125)—were measured concurrently. Patients were compared by HbA1c