GENESIS AND TRANSFORMATION OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A DRIVER OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The article substantiates the role of strategic human resource management as a key factor in improving organizational efficiency and ensuring the long-term competitiveness of enterprises. The relevance of the topic is determined by the growing importance of human capital in the knowledge economy and by the need to integrate HR practices with corporate strategy in order to achieve sustainable organizational development. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms of the formation and development of the concept of strategic human resource management and to determine its influence on organizational performance.The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific and special methods, in particular the methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, systematization and synthesis of scientific approaches to human resource management. The study also applies a systems approach to understanding the interrelationship between HR practices, human capital development and organizational results.The results demonstrate that modern human resource management has evolved from a predominantly administrative function to a strategic management subsystem focused on the effective use and development of human capital. It is shown that the efficiency of organizations depends on the alignment between corporate strategy and HR policies aimed at developing employees’ potential, strengthening motivation and increasing employee engagement. Particular attention is paid to the role of contemporary analytical and evaluation tools, including HR metrics, HR Scorecard and performance indicators that allow organizations to assess the contribution of human resources to achieving strategic goals.The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches to the formation of human resource strategies aimed at increasing organizational productivity, strengthening competitive advantages and improving the effectiveness of human capital management in modern enterprises.