Prevention of Osteoporosis: Current Pathogenetic Aspects. Possibilities of Combined Calcium-containing Products Use

Osteoporosis (OP) is a global public health problem which is characterized by reduced bone strength and an increased risk of fractures. This article reviews the current evidence about the development of osteopenia and OP, early detection and diagnosis of bone disorders, as well as the possibilities and appropriateness of nutritional support for bone tissue. Systematic reviews show that approximately 20% of the adult population meet the criteria for OP, and up to 40% – have osteopenia, which is a preliminary stage of the disease. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be associated with a reduced risk of fractures and falls. Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) may represent a rational option for bone support due to its physiological nutrient profile supporting the maintenance of bone mineral density. Studies on the use of HA indicate great promise. Conclusions. Early diagnosis, assessment of risk factors, and a comprehensive approach to patient management are key factors in reducing the impact of OP on population health. Adequate intake of calcium, vitamins D and K, and protein is an essential component of maintaining normal bone metabolism.