Sublimation: Towards an Ethics of Justice in the Service of Republican Rebuilding in Madagascar

Madagascar is undergoing a major political crisis of confidence after sixty years of independence. This crisis persists despite a Constitution that enshrines the separation of powers. This article analyzes how the absence of political virtue, a central concept in Montesquieu’s thought, hinders justice and democracy. The aim is to demonstrate that the republic’s renewal requires an elevation of ethical governance coupled with territorial restructuring. Through a doctrinal and documentary analysis of constitutional texts and institutional reports, the study reveals a systematic dominance of the executive branch. It also identifies a submissive judiciary and a partisan legislature. These dysfunctions breed popular distrust, leading to vigilantism. The findings indicate that political virtue, understood as self-denial, is indispensable for restoring institutional trust. Concrete recommendations are proposed: a profound reform of political parties, effective decentralization through the establishment of a local parliament promoting participatory democracy, and the strengthening of civic education. In conclusion, justice and virtue are inseparable for the sustainability of the Republic. The sublimation of power is not a utopia but a vital necessity to avoid social chaos and to rebuild the Malagasy social contract on sustainable ethical and structural foundations.