The impact of air temperature on the sustainability of Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem. under conditions of a temperate continental climate

Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.)Lem.) is an economically important commercial species for to its ornamental and ecological benefits.Therefore, responses to variations in air temperature are significant for its sustainability and shifts in phenophases, which can have long-term effects on its distribution, functions, and ecosystem services.An integrative approach to phenological patterns using the BBCH scale and biometric traits in the study, along with the analysis of trends and correlations, is a key step in obtaining valuable information for the management and conservation of Star Jasmine.The findings of intensive research in Serbia over three consecutive years stand out due to crucial information about the morphological features of leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and the species' acclimatization.The obtained results confirm the temporally consistent phenological patterns of leafing, but a 57-day earlier onset and a 26-day longer full flowering phenophase, influenced by high air temperatures in the globally hottest year, 2024.Additionally, it was observed that Star Jasmine tolerates frosts down to -15.5°C and multiple consecutive frost days, under conditions of a temperate continental climate at altitudes up to 200m.The results are important for complementing the list of suitable plants for nature-based landscape design, attractive to birds, bees, butterflies, and other organisms displaced due to rapid urban development and play a vital role in ecosystem services, as they help regulate harmful insect populations and support pollination.Our study confirms that seasonal changes in Star Jasmine are influenced by fluctuating air temperatures, a trend that must be continued in the coming years to highlight the impact of climate change on urban landscape phenology and species sustainability.