Historical aspects of the formation of humanistic values (18th-21st centuries) in students of Russian military higher education institutions

The study aims to conceptualize the Russian pedagogical experience in forming moral values among students of military higher education institutions through targeted, systematic pedagogical influence during the teaching of military-humanities disciplines from the 18th to the 21st century. Within this historical framework, the following periods are identified: the establishment of military education (1701 – first half of the 18th century); the reformation of the military education system (mid-18th – first quarter of the 19th century); the expansion of the military personnel training system in Russia (second quarter of the 19th – early 20th century); the reorganization of the training system during the Soviet period (October 1917 – 1991); the post-Soviet period (1991-1996); and the modern period (from 1997 to the present). Based on historical and factual material, the article defines and analyzes the main stages in the development of military-pedagogical practice regarding the formation of students’ value sphere in Russian military schools. The work identifies established approaches to utilizing the educational potential of military-humanities disciplines for the moral development of a serviceman’s personality. An axiological analysis of regulatory, legal, and program documents governing the organization of the educational process was conducted, revealing trends in improving the disciplinary integrated formation of humanistic values. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, a periodization of the development of the humanitarian component in Russian military education from the 18th century to the present is proposed, based on a previously unused criterion: the disciplinary integration of content and methodology for forming humanistic values. As a result of the research, a historically specific pedagogical model of interaction between the subjects of the educational process is identified, aimed at forming stable humanistic values through military-humanities disciplines.