The estimation of the energy characteristics of a radio channel for transmitting medium-wave information for organizing communications in northern latitudes

The Northern Sea Route requires reliable communication systems to ensure navigation and safety in difficult Arctic conditions. The article provides a justification for the requirements and capabilities of medium-wave (UHF, 300-3000 kHz) radio communications, especially in the 300-600 kHz subrange, as an effective solution for distances of 100-600 km. An analysis of the energy characteristics, including signal attenuation, noise, bit error probability, signal-to-noise ratio, and coverage entropy is presented, which confirms the high UHF reliability in conditions of high-latitude ionospheric disturbances. Based on ITU-R recommendations and empirical models, the results demonstrate the UHF advantages over shortwave and satellite systems, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution for operations of the Northern Sea Route, including icebreaker management, emergency communications and redundancy of other channels. The information measure entropy of coverage was used to estimate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.