Метафоризація як термінологічний чинник творення префіксальних дієслів–термінів / Metaphorization as a terminological way of the formation prefixe verb-terms

In lexicology and specialised terminology, there is ongoing debate about whether there are hierarchical semantic connections between the individual meanings of a polysemous word-term, with a generalised, common component (invariant) in the plane of language paradigmatics and differential variable meanings (semes) in the plane of speech syntagmatics. The article argues that there is a generalised, core meaning of a prefixed verb (invariant, common to all), and other variants, i.e. numerous variable senses. New meanings of prefixed verbs and their senses, which arose as a result of semantic transformation or reinterpretation of existing nominations, are revealed. It is proven that the essence of the process of metaphorisation and metonymisation of English prefixal verbs-terms lies in changing their primary meaning by including new differential semes in their semantics, which modify meanings. During semantic transformations of a prefixed verb-term, new numerous senses, becoming actualised, open up new deep semantic layers that fill the prefixed verb-term with extraordinary professional content. It is emphasised that in practical application, as derivative and cognitive-semantic mechanisms, metaphor and metonymy are a way of simplifying, economising and highlighting the generalised invariant meaning of the English prefixed verb-term. The article asserts that stylistic tropes as a linguistic fact are a category of thinking and a process of expanding meanings and forming senses, and are a cognitive way of creating a mechanism of prefixal verb terms in specialised English-language texts. In conclusion, it is noted that stylistic figures, metaphor and metonymy, are factors in the creation and evolution of English prefixal verbs and cause, firstly, the emergence of new formations and, secondly, new senses of already existing units. The metaphorical and metonymic process consists in the mental perception of one conceptual phenomenon through another, because stylistic tropes as a linguistic fact are a category of thinking and a process of expanding meanings, forming senses, and a cognitive way of creating a mechanism of prefixal verb-terms in specialised English-language texts. Thus, at the present stage of development of linguistic thought, research focuses on several key issues related to the cognitive essence, functions and stylistic possibilities of metaphor and metonymy in the explication of semantic transformations and cognitive mechanisms of prefixal verb-terms.