The Role of Customary Law in Overcoming Environmental Damage in the Lake Toba Geopark

This study aims to discuss in depth the forms and factors causing environmental damage to Lake Toba Geopark, as well as to analyze the existence of customary law in efforts to protect the Lake Toba Geopark ecosystem based on PENA theory. The research method used is normative law research is the study of written law and other social norms. In accordance with applicable law, this descriptive-analytical approach aims to present factual, precise, and organized information on a particular subject. The PENA Theory is used to integrate customary law values, local wisdom, and ecological ethical principles into curriculum design and higher education policies. The preventive dimension aims to prevent environmental conflicts by strengthening local culture, the ethical dimension promotes respect for Batak value systems, the narrative dimension amplifies community voices through participatory and accountable education, and the institutional dimension ensures transparency in environmental management. This research emphasizes that ecological restoration cannot be achieved without restoring power relations in knowledge. Higher education must become a space for fair dialogue between modern science and local knowledge to build an ecologically, socially, and spiritually sustainable future for Lake Toba.