Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Pediatric Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review on Efficacy and Safety

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of the morbidity in children, by resulting in frequent healthcare visits. Dueto the limited efficacy of thesystemic medications and the need to minimize antibiotic overuse in the viral RTIs to prevent antimicrobial resistance, the symptomatic treatment remains the primary approach. As a result, interest in the alternative treatments, particularly phytotherapeutic agents is growing. Objective: This review aims to systematically evaluate the use of the phytotherapeutic agents in the pediatric RTIs, by focusing on their medical applications, pharmacological mechanisms, safety profiles, and potential adverse effects. By analyzing the current literature, it seeks to provide an evidence-based perspective on the phytotherapy in the pediatric RTIs and offer guidance for its safe and effective integration into clinical practice. Results: Herbal remedies, recognized for their antibacterial, antiseptic, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory properties, were widely used in managing the pediatric RTIs. Their potential to accelerate recovery and reduce antibiotic dependency has significantly contributed to their increasing popularity. Phytotherapy is also gaining acceptance among pediatricians, with many expressing interest in further education on its applications. Several medicinal plants showed promising results in treating RTIs in children; however, challenges remain regarding standardization, appropriate dosing, and potential side effects. Conclusion: Phytotherapy offers a promising complementary approach in the management of the pediatric RTIs, with potential benefits in reducing antibiotic overuse and improving symptomatic relief. However, more clinical research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for the efficacy and safety. Promoting evidence-based phytotherapy practices will help ensure its responsible and effective use in the pediatric healthcare.