THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BULLS GENOMIC ASSESSMENT BREEDING VALUE IN DAIRY CATTE SELECTION. SUCCESS AND CHALENGES: A REVIEW

The discovery of genome sequencing has been one of the greatest advances in the development of tools used to improve the efficiency of cattle breeding and reproduction over the past decade in many countries around the world. This technology is being implemented in almost all areas of animal husbandry, from predicting the breeding value of animals based on the main economically useful traits, to monitoring metabolic processes in the body, resistance, duration of economic use of animals, and more. The aim of the article is to analyse the results of the implementation of the genomic assessment method of the breeding value of bulls in countries with a developed dairy industry, its impact on the formation of biological and economically useful traits of animals of new generations and the possibilities of its use for the genetic improvement of dairy animals in Ukraine. An analysis of publications by foreign scientists and practitioners in the dairy industry of the USA, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, China, South Korea and other countries, who are developers of genomic breeding technology in livestock farming and continue to improve it, was carried out. Particular attention is paid to research on the development of methods for genomic assessment of animals, the accuracy of predicting the genomic breeding value of bulls by productive traits, the impact of reducing the duration of the generation interval and reducing the inbreeding coefficient in breeds on increasing genetic progress in milk productivity and the challenges that arise when implementing genomic assessment in optimizing breeding programs for dairy cattle. An analysis of publications was conducted, that reveal the prospects of sequencing all bulls to identify new genes associated with certain economically useful traits and mutations, that were not detected in previous generations and investigated possibilities of study and implementing genome estimation of breeding value of bulls in Ukraine.