Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (Nugensia™) on Metabolic Health

IntroductionPrediabetes is characterized by impaired fasting glucose (100 -125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (140 -199 mg/dL postprandially), or HbA1c (5.7 -6.4%).It affects over 400 million individuals globally and confers a high risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease [3].The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis, influencing glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation through short-chain fatty acid production, gut barrier integrity, and host signaling pathways.Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium comprising up to 3 -5% of the healthy gut microbiota, inversely correlates with obesity, prediabetes, and dyslipidemia, exerting benefits via mucin layer reinforcement, immunomodulation, and production of propionate to enhance gut barrier function and reduce endotoxemia [1,2].