Cerebellar iTBS Modulates Cortical Network Properties: An fNIRS Study

BACKGROUND: The cortex and cerebellum have a closely connected closed-loop circuit. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the cerebellum has shown promise in improving balance function and inducing neuroplasticity. This study investigates whether cerebellar iTBS can elicit cortical responses. METHODS: One hundred healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to a real or sham iTBS stimulation group. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured cortical activation during resting, walking, and unilateral support tasks. RESULTS: During the unilateral support task, graph theory analysis revealed significant changes in brain network properties, suggesting a deviation from optimal small-world organization and reduced global integration. No significant changes were observed during the walking and resting-state tasks. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cerebellar iTBS can modulate cortical activity, though further studies are needed to confirm its clinical effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2300077916, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=207394.