XVII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2024 ECTRIMS Congress (II)

INTRODUCTION: The XVII edition of the post-European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting was held on 4-5 October 2024 in Madrid. This event was attended by Spanish neurologists specialized in multiple sclerosis (MS), who presented a summary of the most relevant advances discussed at the ECTRIMS congress, held days before in Copenhagen. AIM: To summarize the main new findings in clinical research on MS. Content and Conclusions: The immunological changes throughout life and in response to MS treatments were analyzed. The impact of aging was also discussed, along with new developments related to symptomatic treatments, physical exercise, fatigue, and sleep disorders. Emphasis was placed on addressing ongoing challenges in measuring therapeutic failure and managing treatments for secondary progressive MS. Additionally, data from registries and real-world studies were presented, including new analyses on cladribine, highlighting the need to collect safety information. Regarding immune reconstitution therapies, mechanisms of action and the immune system's reconstitution process after treatment were explored. Finally, regarding therapeutic innovations, the first results from chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy studies in MS were reported, representing a promising advancement in disease management.