Application of the VAC system in the treatment of epithelial-opchitic duct and other proctological diseases

Pilonidal disease (also known as a pilonidal sinus, cyst, or epithelial coccygeal tract) is a narrow channel lined with epithelium that contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and opens onto the skin of the natal cleft with one or several pinpoint openings. In recent years, Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has gained increasing prominence, as it ensures effective purulent discharge removal, reduction of edema, stimulation of tissue healing, and a lower risk of recurrence. This article provides a review of modern treatment methods using vacuum systems, their advantages, potential complications, and recommendations for application in the management of pilonidal disease, as well as other coloproctological conditions such as paraproctitis and colorectal anastomotic leakage. Analysis of clinical experience confirms that vacuum therapy is a safe and effective alternative to traditional surgical interventions, provided that the rules of asepsis are followed and the pressure regimen is correctly selected. The implementation of this technology accelerates wound healing, reduces treatment-related trauma, and improves patient quality of life.