Effect of Wind Speed on the Performance and Self-Cleaning of PV Modules in Iraqi Desert Environment

Wind drives two contradicting effects on solar panels. High velocity wind induces soiling phenomena that cause dust accumulation on the surface of Photovoltaic panels and degrade solar panel performance. At the same time, high-velocity wind generates aerodynamic forces that lift fine dust particles from the surface of the panel due to resuspension phenomena, promoting the natural cleaning of the solar panels. Wind also reduces solar panel temperature through a convection mechanism, enhancing solar panel performance. Experimental and mathematical investigations were conducted to examine the conflicting effects of wind on Photovoltaic panels. The study was applied in a simulated desert environment. Natural dust with a particle size of 0.1 mm was used for the emulation. The experimental results suggested considerable power losses in the solar panel under low-speed wind conditions (less than 2 m/s). Increasing the wind velocity beyond 4 m/s resulted in a significant improvement in the solar panel's output power, demonstrating a 9-21% enhancement in output power. The major conclusion of this study is to support investors and decision-makers in determining the best operational and environmental conditions to minimize power losses in solar panels. The experimental work was conducted through controlled experimental analysis in a simulated desert environment.