Enseñanza de la Física mediante experimentos de Laboratorio “De la teoría a la práctica”

The teaching of Physics through laboratory experiments constitutes a fundamental pedagogical strategy for articulating theoretical knowledge with the empirical observation and verification of physical phenomena. This work analyzes the implementation of the didactic approach “From Theory to Practice” through the design, execution, and analysis of a sequence of six laboratory experiments in electromagnetism and optics. The methodology employed is based on an experimental and constructivist approach, in which students actively participate in all stages of the scientific process, including hypothesis formulation, measurement, data analysis, and discussion of results. The phenomena studied include the law of reflection, electromagnetic wave polarization, Malus’ law, the photoelectric effect, the Stefan–Boltzmann constant, and Bragg’s law. The results obtained show percentage errors below 10% when comparing experimental values with theoretical ones, which validates the accuracy of the experimental setups and the relevance of the didactic approach. It is concluded that experimental work promotes meaningful learning, the development of critical thinking, and the acquisition of essential scientific competencies in university education.